“I stupidly assumed life meant, well life, but it appears its around 25 years. Yet someone with 13 life convictions gets to serve around 8-12 years
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Good point, you may be surprised to hear that the average life's sentence is in fact only 12 to 14 years. I know of one case where a lifer served only 8 years.
The judge will often set a tarrif date and when that is reached the offender is risk assessed with a view to progressing that person through the system. Most lifers a start at category A maximum security establishments (at a cost of £60,000 per year), if they behave they work through cat B, cat C and finally to open conditions (cat D) before release.
If the offender learns how to play the system, they can pay lip service to the parole board and the probation officer who makes the recommendation to progress the inmate, "some officers" remain sceptical and arguably very cautious about those decisions.
Regrettably the system is stacked against anyone who claims to be innocent (or is actually innocent) in other words they never get discounts on tarrif length and they don't get released early...so it pays to agree with the system, you get out quicker.
There is a small handful of real "lifers" who will die in prison, Europe wants to change that...
like I said, it's complicated and very frustrating. I have worked with people who should never be released, but have to accept the decision of the parole boards. In contrast I have worked hard to support those who I believe have made changes to their lives and who can contribute to society even though the system did not agree and those individuals remain in custody waiting for the next annual review.
our system works on the assumption that most prisoners will be released, that equates to about 50,000 inmates every year. Probation manage most of these, many are returned to custody when things go wrong, that success is never reported.